Motivation theory x and y pdf

There is no evidence to confirm that either set of assumptions is valid. Theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its impact on. Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the company machinery, as theory xtype organizations seemed to believe. Mcgregor felt that companies followed either one of these approaches. Mcgregors xy theory is a natural rule for managing people. In the 1960s douglas mcgregor a social psychologist of mit developed two well known contrasting theories on human motivation and management theory x and theory y. Mcgregors theory xy, maslows hierarchy of needs, herzbergs twofactor theory, vrooms expectancy theory, pareto principle, ouchis theory z and alderfers erg theory, it will be sought to examine these inadequacies within ryanair and offer reasonable recommendations in order to enhance the current situation of the airline. Mcgregor theory x and theory y for staff and employees. Douglas mcgregors view is that there are two theories of motivation. X and consider using the techniques suggested by theory y.

In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregors xy theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management. Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. Theory x and theory y douglas mcgregor proposed two distinct views of human beings. His work is based upon maslows hierarchy of needs, where he grouped the hierarchy into lowerorder needs theory x and higherorder needs theory y. Theory xy douglas mcgregor and theory z william ouichi theory x an authoritarian style of management the average worker dislikes work. Pdf the impact of theory x, theory y and theory z on. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. Mcgregor developed a philosophical view of humankind with his theory x and theory y in 1960. The theory x and theory y are the theories of motivation given by douglas mcgregor in 1960s. Theory y is positive, participating and democratic. Social psychologist mcgregors theoryx and theoryyof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Challenges and limitations of theory x and theory y.

Beyond this point, the two theories of management diverge. Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and. The results of this study indicated 56% perception of generation x towards factors of qwl appropriate with the theory regarding the factors qwl in generation x and 52% perception of generation y. Theory x assumes that people dislike work and must be coerced, controlled, and directed toward organizational goals. These two theories represent the extreme ranges of assumptions. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. Theory y is based on a faulty conception of human nature.

Theory x and theory y in his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. Theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia of management theories. Motivating people using theory x and theory y youtube. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave character of the manager or worker corresponding to the. Theory x stands for the set of traditional beliefs held, while theoryy stands for the set of beliefs based on researchers in behavioral science which are concerned with modern social views on the man at work. In actual practice, most managers today practice a combination of. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. In 1960, douglas mcgregor developed a leadership theory mcgregor theory x and theory y about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions about people. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory xy attitudes and theory xy behaviors.

Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. However, modern revisions including contingency theorists argue that theory y is not essentially a progressive alternative to a dull theory x. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. Pdf leadership style and organizational performance have been.

Designmethodologyapproach an empirical study was conducted through. The theories concentrate on two various models of potential motivation that is implemented by the managers across human resources management, organizational communication, organizational development and organizational behavior. Chapter 5 contemporary theories of motivation integrating. The average human being does not inherently dislike work. Application of theory x and y in classroom management by. Theory x and y were created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of management in the 1960s 2. Theory x says that the average human being is lazy and self. The approach that you take will have a significant impact on your ability to motivate your team members. Find out how your management style reflects your beliefs about your teams motivation and explore how you can adopt a style that enables your team to.

Douglas mcgregor, through his wellknown theory x and theory y, drew a distinction between the assumptions about human motivation which underlie these two approaches, to this effect. Theory x gives importance to supervision, while theory y stresses on rewards and recognition. Both the theories, which are very different from each other, are used by managers to motivate their employees. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit. The climate in a theory x organisation tends to be impersonal and the theory suggests carrot and stick approach to motivation. Both theories x and y are proposed by mcgregor which describe the workforce models which are contrasting in nature and which are used by reporting managers in organizational behaviour and human. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Theory x and theory y are considered as theories of human motivation at the workplace. Th average humae n bein has agnin herent dislik of wore k an wild avoil d it if possible. Theoryx and theoryy management applicationbusiness implications for workforce motivation.

Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its. Theory x and theory y in 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management approach, and this break new ground for argument that employees of an organization are not merely cogs in the machinery of. Motivation, theory x and y, classroom, management manager and organisation introduction douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous theory x and y in his book the human side of enterprise in 1960. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to assemble the factors of production, including people, for the economic benefit of the firm. The purpose of this paper is to apply mcgregors theory x and theory y to study teacher motivation in higher education. A case analysis of the organisational behaviour of ryanair. This theory assumes that, people are not, by nature, lazy and unreliable. According to mcgregor, theory x seeks to promote engagement by directing, monitoring. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous xy theory in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. Douglas mcgregor theory x theory y pdf programpals. Pdf theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia.

According to mcgregor, the perception of managers on the nature of individuals. It postulates that people can be basically self directed and creative at work, if. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y the work of douglas mcgregor, the renowned social psychologist at mits sloan school of management who studied the theoretical foundations of human motivation in the 1960s, was premised on a binary conception of managerial perception known as theory x and theory. It describes two very different attitudes towards workforce motivation. Theory x stands for the set of traditional beliefs held, while theoryy stands for the set of beliefs based on researchers in behavioral science. Theory x and theory y are part of motivational theories. Features of mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. After reading you will understand the background and the practical basics of these leadership styles what is theory x and theory y. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, mcgregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee. The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest. Mcgregor recognised certain needs that theory x fails to take into account.

This theory was developed by douglas mcgregor in 1950s at mit. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to assemble the factors of production, including people. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. The major distinct disadvantage of theory x and theory y is that they are put forward as challenging sets of assumptions a supervisor is either motivated by theory x or by theory y. Theory x the assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, dislike responsibility, and must be coerced to perform. Theory x and theory y was created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of management in the 1960s. Theory x and y which deals with the motivational factors that influence employee behavior was one of the theories.

Mcgregor himself held to the belief that theory y assumptions were more valid than theory x. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour. The purpose of this study is to find the impact of theory x, theory y and theory z on research performance of foundation university members in turkey on the number of articles published in science citation index and social science citation index. The three prior studies that have made this distinction were recently conducted solely to develop constructvalid measures of both. Theory x and theory y 875 assumptions about human behavior in organiza. Therefore most people must be motivated by forcedbribed with the threat of punishment or a reward to produce effort and work towards organizational objectives. It postulates that people can be basically self directed and creative at work, if properly motivated. Either theory x or theory y assumptions may be appropriate in a particular situation. The x y theory questionnaire page 1 of 2 indicates whether the situation and management style is the x or y style. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. This article describes the theory x and theory y of douglas mcgregor. Theory x and theory y team management training from. Comparative analysis of theory x, theory y, theory z, and theory.

He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics factory. Theory xy douglas mcgregor and theory z william ouichi. Theory y put forward the idea that management by objectives and involving workers in the decisionmaking process would lead to the creation of a satisfied and more productive workforce. Theory x and theory y of motivation linkedin slideshare.

Theory into practice abraham maslow viewed mcgregor as a mentor. Theory x and theory y of management represent two fundamental approaches to employee engagement carson, 2005. Theory x and theory y of motivation by mcgregor douglas mcgregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions. Becaus o thiefs dislik of worke, most people mus b coercedte, controlled, directed, o threatener witdh punish.